Liquid Nitrogen in Animal Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)

Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) refers to a range of advanced techniques used to aid reproduction in animals. It goes beyond Artificial Insemination (AI), which is a relatively simple and common method of introducing semen into the female reproductive tract during the fertile period. While AI is widely used for livestock breeding, ART also encompasses more complex procedures, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), embryo transfer, and cryopreservation of embryos, allowing for greater control over genetic selection and reproduction. ART is often used for:

 

Genetic conservation acts as a vital safety net for future breeding programs and the genetic rescue of species. Cryogenic facilities (gene banks) vary in size, but all maintain critical databases and resources.

The primary purpose of cryopreservation is to safeguard threatened and indigenous breeds, which face numerous challenges such as urbanization, disease outbreaks, natural disasters, inbreeding, and climate change. Preserving endangered species is crucial because it prevents the irreversible loss of unique genetic traits, supports biodiversity, and ensures resilience in food production systems for future generations.

Additionally, cryoconservation safeguards genetic diversity and traditional livelihoods while promoting food security and sustainability. Indigenous livestock often possess traits such as disease resistance, heat tolerance, and adaptability to harsh environments. These characteristics are invaluable for breeding programs aimed at improving resilience in major livestock breeds. Furthermore, indigenous breeds contribute to local economies by utilizing marginal lands unsuitable for crops, producing meat, milk, hides, and manure, and even supporting cultural tourism. By maintaining these breeds, communities preserve cultural heritage and create sustainable income sources.

The diagram below illustrates the standard steps involved in artificial insemination. First, semen is collected from superior male animals selected for their desirable genetic traits. The sample is then frozen in liquid nitrogen for preservation, stored, and transported to the point of use.

Meanwhile, female animals are closely monitored for signs of heat (ovulation), as this is the optimal time for insemination. This fertile window typically lasts less than 24 hours, making timely intervention by trained personnel essential. When performed correctly, artificial insemination results in offspring with enhanced genetic quality compared to those produced through natural breeding.

Liquid nitrogen (LN₂) plays a critical role in Assisted Reproductive Technologies for animals because of its ability to maintain extremely low temperatures (at -196°C and below), which is essential for preserving biological materials at cryogenic termperatures.

Semen straws, embryos, genetic material, as well as other samples for research and breeding get stored in liquid nitrogen to halt all metabolic and biochemical processes at low temperatures.

The ultra-low temperature stops cellular activity and prevents ice crystal formation (when combined with cryoprotectants). This way, samples can remain viable for decades without degradation. Global transport for artificial insemination is also made possible using liquid nitrogen, allowing safe shipment of genetic resources worldwide. Farmers, agricultural co-ops, veterinary technicians, artificial insemination service providers, government agricultural departments, NGOs, and commercial breeding centers all rely on a steady supply of LN₂ to deliver consistent and effective reproductive services, without which, livestock improvement efforts may be delayed.

Choosing the right generator depends on factors such as usage requirements, available space, and frequency of operation. For most applications, on-site liquid nitrogen generation offers a safe, sustainable, and reliable alternative to traditional delivery methods.

• Triton Range
  A compact, single-cabinet solution delivering 5–20 L/day for applications requiring smaller quantities. Equipped with a safe hose or flask dispense system, Triton units provide a high-performance, cost-effective alternative to deliveries.

• Callisto Range
  Housed in a dual-cabinet design, Callisto units deliver 40–60 L/day for higher-volume applications. With large internal storage and continuous production capability, they ensure uninterrupted supply; ideal for frequent use and critical preservation needs.

By guaranteeing a consistent and dependable source of liquid nitrogen, Noblegen generators support safe and efficient ART and AI practices, helping maintain genetic improvement programs without the risk of supply disruptions. All models ensure consistent genetic improvement by supporting safe, efficient artificial insemination practices without the risk of supply issues.